In a significant political shift, Germany’s conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU), led by Friedrich Merz, emerged victorious in recent elections held on 23 February 2024. With the duo of CDU and its Bavarian sister party, the CSU, likely to form the next coalition government, a wide-ranging policy agenda is already being shaped — especially regarding European security and defence.
European Defence Integration at the Forefront
Merz has raised eyebrows by questioning the future of NATO in its current form, following comments from former US President Donald Trump’s administration about Europe needing to bolster its own security. He expressed concerns over whether NATO would still exist as a solid security framework for Europe by the upcoming summit scheduled for June 2024.
During a recent interview with German public broadcaster ARD, Merz stated, “I would never have thought that I would have to say something like this in a TV show…it is clear that this government does not care much about the fate of Europe.”
New Fiscal Policies and Defence Spending
- Lowering tax rates: The CDU aims to cut corporate tax from an average of 29.9% to a maximum of 25%.
- Energy reforms: Plans are in place to reduce electricity taxes and fees, while promoting renewable energy.
- Surge in defence spending: The CDU commits to meeting NATO’s defence spending target of 2% of GDP and proposes reintroducing mandatory military service.
Critics have pointed out the ambiguity around financing these tax cuts amid commitments to maintain Germany’s debt brake, which caps federal deficits at 0.35%. Merz has nevertheless indicated a willingness to discuss potential reforms.
Stricter Immigration and Law Enforcement Policies
The CDU’s stance on immigration reflects a desire for stricter border controls, with a push to process asylum applications outside the EU and limit social benefits for those not legally residing in Germany. Their agenda also outlines plans for enhanced law enforcement, including harsher penalties for extremist activities.
Transatlantic Relations and Support for Ukraine
As the CDU embarks on its new term, strengthening ties with the United States and other European powers like France and Poland remains paramount. The party pledges support for Ukraine through various forms of aid to deter Russian aggression while asserting a need to reduce dependence on China.
Merz and the new coalition government evidently face an intricate landscape of domestic and international challenges. As they chart their path forward, all eyes will be on how they manage relations within Europe and with the U.S., especially regarding the evolving security dynamics.