As the Syrian civil war escalates, Islamist-led rebels have gained ground, raising alarms about potential destabilisation in an already volatile region. The recent offensives have turned the focus towards the strategic city of Hama and its surroundings, with international calls for de-escalation echoing across the globe.
Rebel Gains and Government Response
On 3 December 2024, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and its allies launched a significant offensive, capturing key territories and challenging government forces’ control. According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, at least 602 individuals, mostly combatants and 104 civilians, have been killed since the fighting began on 27 November.
- Heaviest fighting reported in northern Hama.
- Dozens of airstrikes by Syrian and Russian forces aimed at reasserting control.
- High levels of civilian displacement amid worsening conditions.
HTS, which has ties to Al-Qaeda, has faced accusations of human rights abuses. Yet, in a twist of fate, these recent combats threaten to disrupt not just local alliances but also the Assad regime’s support from Alawite communities and other groups.
The Human Cost
Amidst the chaos, the United Nations reported that nearly 50,000 people have fled their homes, just as winter descends upon the region. UN Chief Antonio Guterres expressed alarm over the rising violence, urging an immediate halt to hostilities.
Conditions on the ground have deteriorated, with reports of food shortages and damage to vital water infrastructure. The Norwegian Refugee Council warned that the escalating conflict risks dragging Syria back to its darkest days.
Regional Dynamics and International Involvement
The situation remains complicated as various factions vie for control. The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), backed by the US, have mobilised to assert influence in the eastern territories. Recent reports indicate coalition forces have clashed with SDF units in a bid to reclaim areas previously held by the Syrian army.
- Iranian-backed groups have stepped up to support President Bashar al-Assad.
- Israel continues to carry out strikes against Iranian positions in Syria.
Furthermore, an impending meeting between Iranian, Turkish, and Russian Foreign Ministers in Doha shows an effort to stabilise borders amidst the rising tensions, highlighting the global stakes involved in this multifaceted conflict.